Metals



(170 Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

L. J. CREGELIUS. PROCESS OF CASTING METALS.

No. 537,277. Patented Apr. 9, 1895.

(No Model.) s Sheets-Sheet 2.

A L. J. OREGELIUS.

PROCESS OF CASTING METALS.

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No. 537,277, Patented Apr. 9 1 8 9 5.

NiTED STATES ATENT OFFICE.

LOUIS J. CREOELIUS, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TOWILLIAM GRAYSON, OF SAME PLACE.

eaocess OF CASTING METALS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 537,277, dated April9,1895.

Application'filed October 19, 1894- $erial No. 526,389. (No niodel.) i

To all whom it may concern: Be it known that I, LOUIS J. CREoELIUs, acitizen of the United States, and a resident of St. Louis, in the Stateof Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inProcesses of Casting Metals, of which the following is a specification.I V

The object of my invention is to provide a method of casting metals ofmedium fusibility so as to provide for the uniform and homogeneous,shrinkage of the casting, and the expulsion of all gases and foreignsubstances from themold.

Myinvention consists in the process of casting metals by the provisionof a mold of high fusibility, pouring molten metal of relatively lowerfusibility into said mold, and cooling said moldand casting thereingradually and progressively.

My invention consists further in the process of casting which comprisesintroducing molten metal of relatively medium or low fusibilityinto amold of relatively high fusibility, retaining said cast metal at afusible tem perature, and conjunctively, gradually and progressively,subjecting said mold and casting to a cooling influence, said coolinginfluence being first exercised on the mold at the end thereof oppositeto the gate or vent thereof, whereby the gases and dross are driven outof the mold by the cooling, and the casting and mold graduallyconjunctively shrunken.

My invention consists further, as a process,

in casting metal of a known fusibilityand shrinkage in a metallic, plumbago or clay mold of ahigher fusibility.

Referring to the drawings:-Figure 1 is an elevation, partly insection,of an apparatus which may be employed to practice my process. Fig. 2 isa perspective of a bicycle frame east by my process. Fig. 3 is asectional elevation showing one part of the mold in which the bicycleframe is cast, and the frame therein. Fig. at is a perspective of abicycle fork cast by my process. Fig. 5 is an end elevation of the mold,partly in section. Fig.6 represents a section of the mold showing theinterior block.

- It is desirable to provide a process and apparatus whereby aluminumcastings may be made, in complicated shapes, diversified dimensions andvari-angled connected bars, which castings will be homogeneous and offine fiber.

In the drawings the numerals 10, 11, designate castings of the conditionabove referred to, and in their production I first provide a mold 12 ofmetal and formed in divisible parts or sections connected by transverselugs 13 having the keys lat or by clamps or bolts. It is composedof twomain parts and a block or supplemental part P, for the divided part ofthe frame, as shown in Fig. 6.

The mold 12 has an integral lug'15 on its upper end, and a bail 17pivotally connected to said lug, whereby the mold is detachablyconnected to lifting and'conveying mechanism about to be described.

A pouring gate 18 is formed in th with' the portion of the mold in whichthe bars 19, 20, of the frame is cast, and a vent 21 is formed'in saidmold and communicates with the portion thereof in which the jointures ofthe bars 19, 20, and the bars 22, 23, of

the frame 10 are cast, said portion at which the vent is located beingat the apex of the completed casting.

The sections of the mold are formed with fitting faces providing tightjoints preventing the leakage of gases, water or metal.

A muffle furnace 24 is provided, which furnace has a door 25, andsuspended carrying tracks 26, 27, lead from said furnace to a bath tub28 containing cooling liquid; A hanger 29 is mounted for travel on thetrack 26 and has fulcrumed therein a lever 30 provided with a hook 31 atone end, adapted for engagement with the bail 17 of the mold 12, and ahandle at the other end adapted for manual operation. Ahanger 32 ismounted for travel on the track 27, and has a pulley block 33 connectedby a chain 34 with a hooked pulley block 35, which block 35 is adaptedfor engagement with the bail 17 of the mold 12.

The mold 1 2 is made of metal, plumbago or clay, whichfuses at a muchhigher degree of temperature than the aluminum, as for instance-24.00Fahrenheit to 1400 Fahrenheit.

It will be observed that the upper pore mold 12 in the vertical planeof, and communicating tion of the mold 12 contains more metal, or is ofgreater volume, than the lower portion thereof.

The mold 152 may be made of a metal (an aluminum alloy is contemplated)having approximately the same expansion and shrinkage as the aluminum tobe cast therein.

My process and the manner of carrying out the same are as follows: Themold 12 is mounted 011 the hook 31 of the lever and inserted in thefurnace 24, wherein it is heated to a degree higher than or equal to thefusibility of the metal to be cast. After heating, the mold 12 iswithdrawn from the furnace by the lever 30 and seated on a support 36,and the metal to be cast poured into said mold through the gate 18. Themetal in pouring follows the line of the bars 19, 20, 37, 38, 39, 40,and 23, 24 respectively, successively and progressively, driving thegases and dross ahead of it through the vent 21, thus filling the moldgate and vent with molten metal which is retained in a molten conditionby the equal or higher temperature of the mold. The hooked block is thenattached to the mold l2. Said mold is elevated by draft of the chain 34,conveyed to the vertical plane of the bathtub 28, and lowered by therelaxation of the chain draft, gradually, and progressively, into thecooling solution in said tub.

It will be observed that the portion of the mold 12 farthest from thegate and vent is first introduced into the cooling bath; and it follows,therefore, that the lower portion of the mold being first cooled willcontract or shrink upon the lower portion of the casting and render thesaid casting homogeneous, the downward pressure of the colutnns ofmolten metal pressing upon the portion of the casting being cooled andsupplying metal to fill the space from which the gases and drossdeveloped and driven upward by the cooling escape. The upper portion ofthe casting having the thickest envelope of heated mold, remains moltenuntil the entire mold except the gate and vent has been submerged in thecooling bath.

If desired, a blast of cooling air maybe substituted for the liquid, theapplication of the cooling influence being made at all times to and fromthe lower portion of the mold.

What I claim isv 1. The process of casting metal, which pro cessconsists in heating the mold in a furnace, withdrawing the heated tnoldfrom the furnace, introducing molten metal into said heated mold, andgradually introducing said combined mold, and casting into a coolingbath.

2. The process of casting metal, which process consists inheatingahomogeneous mold, of high fusibility, to adegree higher thanthefusibility of the casting, introducing molten metal of relatively lowerfusibility into said heated mold, and subjecting said combined mold andcasting to a coolingbath gradually applied thereto from the end oppositethe gate or vent therein toward said gate or vent.

3. The process of casting metal, which pro cess consists in introducingmolten metal of known fusibility and shrinkage into a heated metal moldof higher fusibility, and subjecting the unfused mold and fused castingconjunctively to a gradual progressive cooling applied to the bottom ofthe mold, and extending upwardly along the sides thereof to the vent.

CHARLES PICKLES, WM. H. SCOTT.

